Tomatoes have long been celebrated not only for their vibrant red hues but also for their exceptional nutrient-rich profiles. Recently, however, a curious phenomenon has captured public attention: the so-called "white tomato." These pale-hued tomatoes are often touted as a groundbreaking source of colourless carotenoids - an effective ingredient in skin whitening, sparking excitement about potential nutritional benefits. But is there any truth to this assertion, or is it merely a myth rooted in misunderstanding?
By examining the biology, genetics, and chemistry of tomatoes, we can uncover the reality behind these claims and explore the actual role of carotenoids—both coloured and colourless—in these fruits.
Carotenoids in Tomatoes: A Foundation of Colour and Nutrition
Carotenoids are natural pigments responsible for the brilliant hues of tomatoes, ranging from yellow to deep red. These compounds, such as lycopene and beta-carotene, are not only visually striking but also contribute significantly to human health. Lycopene, for example, is a potent antioxidant that supports heart health, while beta-carotene serves as a precursor to vitamin A, essential for vision and immunity.
However, not all carotenoids are vividly coloured. Colourless carotenoids, such as phytoene and phytofluene, play a crucial role in the development of tomatoes and offer unique health benefits. These compounds absorb ultraviolet light and support skin protection, acting as antioxidants to combat cellular damage.
The Case of White Tomatoes
Contrary to popular belief, white tomatoes typically contain very low levels of carotenoids, including the colourless types. Depending on the specific cultivar and growing conditions, these pale varieties often have up to 90–95% fewer carotenoids than their red or orange counterparts. In some cases, they may contain less than 1% of the colourless carotenoids found in regular tomatoes. This stark disparity arises from genetic factors that inhibit the production of pigments, resulting in a lack of both coloured and colourless carotenoids.
The absence of these compounds not only explains the white tomato’s distinctive appearance but also underscores its diminished nutritional profile. Unlike their more colourful relatives, white tomatoes offer limited antioxidant benefits and lack the skin health advantages associated with carotenoid-rich varieties.
Why White Tomatoes Lack Colourless Carotenoids
The absence of colourless carotenoids in white tomatoes is rooted in their genetic makeup. The genes responsible for synthesising carotenoids are either inactive or absent in these varieties. As a result, the biochemical pathways required to produce both coloured and colourless carotenoids are disrupted.
White tomatoes are often cultivated for their unique appearance and mild flavour, making them popular in salads, sauces, and as garnishes. However, their appeal is largely aesthetic, as they do not provide the same health benefits as traditional tomatoes.
Crystal Tomato®: A Breakthrough in Colourless Carotenoids
Crystal Tomato® uses a specially cultivated non-GMO variety of tomatoes. This unique tomato is specifically bred to contain up to 500 times more bioavailable colourless carotenoids compared to regular tomatoes. These rare carotenoids form the foundation of the Crystal Tomato® Whitening Supplement, a product designed to enhance skin health and address pigmentation issues.
To ensure the highest standards of safety and efficacy, every product under the Crystal Tomato® brand undergoes rigorous testing and clinical trials. The Crystal Tomato® Whitening Supplement, in particular, has been clinically tested at the Singapore National Skin Centre, with its findings published in the prestigious U.S. Journal of Pigmentary Disorders.
These clinical validations reflect the brand's strong dedication to delivering scientifically backed skincare solutions that are both effective and safe.